1. It shouldn't really matter what speed you read the disc at, most drives
will slow down the read speed if errors occurs due to a scratched disc.
2. ISOBuster seems to extract the RAW data tracks with an ISO extension not a BIN extension.
As long as you choose the '2352 bytes/sector / RAW option' (Can't remember the exact option name
its the same option as the one used in the guide) you can just rename the extension from ISO to BIN.
You can also download and use the MD5 (or SFV) on the details page of each game and use them to
check the hashes of your files, If they match then you can be 100% sure your dump is good.
(I use 'Quickpar' to check the MD5 of my files, but there are other programs that can do it as well)
3. No, that should not cause any damage to the disc at all.